Nail fungus symptoms: Causes, prevention, and treatment

Posted on August 27th, 2024. 

Welcome to our article on nail fungus symptoms, causes, prevention, and treatment. Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common infection that affects the fingernails and toenails. It is caused by various types of fungi and can lead to discoloration, thickening, and brittleness of the nails. 

In this article, we will discuss the common symptoms of nail fungus, the possible causes of this infection, and ways to prevent it from occurring. We will also explore the available treatment options and provide tips for managing and treating nail fungus effectively. 

Symptoms of Nail Fungus 

Nail fungus, medically known as onychomycosis, is a common condition that can significantly impact the appearance and health of your nails. This infection is caused by various types of fungi and can affect either your fingernails or toenails, although it’s more frequently found in toenails.  

• One of the first signs could be a small white or yellow spot under the tip of your nail, which gradually spreads deeper. If left untreated, the entire nail can become affected, and the area around it may become painful and uncomfortable. 
• Thickened nails are a hallmark of nail fungus, and this thickening can make the nails hard to trim and maintain. As the infection progresses, the nail may become increasingly brittle and start to crumble at the edges, leading to a rough and ragged appearance. Distorted nails often grow in odd shapes and can lift away from the nail bed, creating gaps where debris can accumulate, leading to further problems. The unsightly nature of these changes can cause significant distress and embarrassment, impacting not only the aesthetic of your nails but also your overall self-esteem. 
• Another key characteristic of nail fungus is discolored nails. The nail can turn a variety of colors, including yellow, brown, or even black, depending on the severity and type of fungus involved. This discoloration is not just a cosmetic issue; it can indicate the extent of the infection and the depth at which the fungus has penetrated the nail. 
• Alongside these symptoms, your nails might develop a foul odor due to the accumulation of fungal debris under the nail. Addressing these symptoms early on is crucial.  

Common Causes of Nail Fungus 

The causes of nail fungus are diverse and often stem from a combination of environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and individual health conditions.  

• One primary cause is prolonged exposure to warm, damp environments, which is why athletes and individuals who spend a significant amount of time in communal showers, locker rooms, or swimming pools are particularly susceptible. 
• Wearing tight or non-breathable footwear can also trap moisture, creating a perfect breeding ground for fungal growth. Additionally, walking barefoot in areas where the fungus is prevalent increases the likelihood of contracting a fungal nail infection. Poor hygiene practices such as not regularly washing and thoroughly drying your feet can further exacerbate the problem, allowing the fungus to thrive and spread. 
• Trauma to the nail or surrounding skin, like frequently getting manicures or pedicures that aren’t performed in sterile conditions, can introduce the fungus to your nails. Another significant cause is sharing personal items such as nail clippers, towels, or shoes with someone who already has a fungal infection. 
• Engaging in activities that cause your feet to sweat heavily, like long-distance running or even extended periods in a hot climate, can also contribute to an environment conducive to this condition. 
• Smoking has been linked to a higher incidence of nail fungus too, likely due to its impact on the body's circulatory system. 

Tips for Preventing Nail Fungus 

How to avoid nail fungus is crucial for maintaining the health and beauty of your nails. One fundamental strategy is to practice good hygiene.  

• Regularly wash your hands and feet, ensuring that any areas between your fingers and toes are thoroughly cleaned. 
• After washing, dry your hands and feet completely, paying special attention to the spaces between your toes, as moisture can encourage fungal growth. 
• Keeping your nails trimmed and filed can also prevent fungal infections by reducing the chances of nail trauma, which can create entry points for fungi. 
• Moisturize your nails and cuticles. It helps to prevent cracks and splits where the fungi can settle. 
• Avoid going barefoot in public places like gyms, swimming pools, or communal showers, as these environments are prime breeding grounds for fungus. Wearing flip-flops or water shoes can provide a barrier between your feet and potentially contaminated surfaces. 
• When it comes to nail care, select reputable salons that adhere to strict sterilization protocols. Ensure that they use sterilized or single-use tools when performing manicures and pedicures, as unclean instruments can transfer fungal spores. 
• Invest in your own nail care kit and avoid sharing personal items such as nail clippers or files with others. Regularly disinfect these tools and keep them in a clean, dry place. 
• Opt for breathable socks made of natural fibers like cotton or wool, which help to wick away moisture and keep your feet dry. 
• Change your socks daily and rotate your footwear to give each pair time to air out between uses. 
• If you suspect that your shoes are a breeding ground for fungi, look into antifungal sprays or powders to keep the interior dry and inhospitable for fungus. 
• Avoiding nail fungus also involves lifestyle adjustments. If you exercise frequently or spend long hours in enclosed footwear, consider using an antifungal foot powder to keep your feet dry and free from fungus. 
• Likewise, taking off your shoes periodically throughout the day can give your feet some much-needed air circulation. If your job or hobbies involve wet or dirty conditions, wear protective footwear and make sure to clean and dry your feet as soon as possible. 
• Regularly inspect your feet and nails for early signs of fungus, such as discoloration or thickening. If you notice any changes, act promptly by consulting a healthcare provider or specialist.  

Nail Fungus Treatment Options 

Effective treatment options for nail fungus range from over-the-counter solutions to advanced treatments like laser therapy, and choosing the right cure for nail fungus often depends on the severity of the infection and individual health considerations. 

One of the most common nail fungus solutions available is over-the-counter antifungal nail creams and ointments. These products can be readily purchased at pharmacies and are typically applied directly to the affected nail. While they are convenient and easy to use, they might not be as effective in severe cases where the fungus has deeply entrenched itself in the nail bed. 

Another popular option includes antifungal nail polish, which needs to be applied daily and can take several months to show results. One downside is that over-the-counter treatments may not penetrate the nail deeply enough to completely eradicate the infection, making recurrence a possibility. 

For more persistent or severe cases of fungal nail infection, prescription medications may be necessary. Oral antifungal drugs such as terbinafine (Lamisil) or itraconazole (Sporanox) are commonly prescribed by healthcare providers and work from within to clear the infection. These medications are often more effective than topical treatments because they reach deeper into the nail matrix through the bloodstream. However, they do come with potential side effects such as liver damage or gastrointestinal issues, so they must be prescribed and monitored by a doctor. 

Advanced treatments like laser therapy have emerged as a promising cure for nail fungus. Lasers use focused light to penetrate the nail and vaporize the fungal spores without damaging the surrounding tissue. Laser treatments are generally painless and have minimal side effects, making them an attractive option for many patients. Multiple sessions might be required, and the cost can be significantly higher compared to traditional methods. However, the benefits often include quicker and more effective results. 

We can help 

Taking swift action against nail fungus and opting for specialized care can alleviate persistent issues, helping you achieve and maintain beautiful nails. Browse our services online to learn more about the advanced nail fungal treatment options available through our ND:YAG laser technology. 

For personalized consultations, feel free to contact us at +44 7375 788777 or drop us an email at [email protected]. Let MC Aesthetics assist you in reclaiming the health and beauty of your nails with our state-of-the-art treatments and dedicated aftercare.